Journal: Journal of neuroinflammation

Article Title: Brain endothelial CXCL12 attracts protective natural killer cells during ischemic stroke.

doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02689-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 NK cells positively regulate behavioral deficits after PT stroke induction. A Coordinates of the lesion on the brain of photothromobotic (PT) mouse model used for beam-walk sensorimotor test analysis. The center of the lesion is 0.3 mm in front of bregma and 2.0 mm lateral to midline, with the 2 mm of diameter. B Nissl staining on the vibratome section of stroke brain at day 2 after PT. Data represent n = 7 mice. C The beam-walk sensorimotor test analysis was performed by calculating percentage of contralateral hindlimb faults. Anti-NK1.1 or IgG2a was injected at day 9 (P-9) and day 2 (P-2) before PT induction and the efficiency of depletion in blood was tested at P-7, P-1, P6, P12 and P18. The videos were recorded just before PT induction (P0) and every second day afterwards. (n = 3 mice for IgG2a, n = 4 mice for anti-NK1.1). D Lesion sizes of brains from the isotype control (IgG2a) (blue) vs. anti-NK1.1 (red) injected mice at P2 and P18 (n = 3 mice for IgG2a, n = 4 mice for anti-NK1.1). E Control (n = 4) and KO (n = 4) mice after PT induction by calculating the percentage of contralateral hindlimb faults.. P2 **p = 0.0058, P4 **P = 0.0053, P6 **P = 0.0096

Article Snippet: For in vivo depletion of NK cells, mice were injected 100 μg of InVivoPlus anti-mouse Nk1.1 (Clone PK136, Bio X Cell) or InVivoPlus mouse IgG2a (Clone C1.18.4, Bio X Cell) resolved in PBS at P-9 and P-2, respectively.

Techniques: Staining, Injection, Control

Journal: Chinese Medical Journal

Article Title: Neutralization of Interleukin-9 Decreasing Mast Cells Infiltration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.204110

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-IL-9 antibody treatment decreased mast cell infiltration of the CNS. Purified cells (mainly composed of mast cells) were harvested from the CNS on days 0, and 5, 15, and 20 after EAE immunization. CD45 + CD117 + mast cells were detected by flow cytometry. CNS mast cells maintained a high level throughout the disease course in EAE group. However, mast cells were significantly reduced from day 5, and remained low in anti-IL-9 Abs group, compared with IgG group. Data are shown as mean ± SE. * P < 0.01, anti-IL-9 Abs group versus IgG group. CNS: Central nervous system; EAE: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; SE: Standard error; IL: Interleukin.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in this study: FITC-anti-mouse CD45 (eBioscience, USA), PE-Cyanine5-anti-mouse CD117 (eBioscience), anti-mouse IL-9 (BE0181; BioXCell, USA), anti-mouse IgG2a isotype control (BE0085; BioXCell), anti-mouse IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) (SC699; Santa Cruz, USA), anti-mouse IL-2Rγ (SC668; Santa Cruz), anti-mouse IgG isotype control (GTX35009; Santa Cruz), and donkey pAb to Rb IgG Alexa Flour 555 (Ab150074; Abcam, USA).

Techniques: Purification, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Chinese Medical Journal

Article Title: Neutralization of Interleukin-9 Decreasing Mast Cells Infiltration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.204110

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-9 blockade reduced production of chemokine recruiting mast cells in the CNS. Five days after immunization, mRNA expressions of Pecam1, SCF, Vcam-1, CCL2, and CCL5 in CNS tissue of EAE mice were detected by RT-PCR. After IL-9 neutralization, mRNA expressions of CCL5 and Vcam-1 were significantly decreased in anti-IL-9 Abs group, compared with IgG group. * P < 0.01. Pecam1: Platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; SCF: Supercoiling factor; Vcam-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; CCL2: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; CCL5: C-C motif chemokine ligand 5; CNS: Central nervous system; EAE: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; IL: Interleukin; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; mRNA: Messenger RNA.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in this study: FITC-anti-mouse CD45 (eBioscience, USA), PE-Cyanine5-anti-mouse CD117 (eBioscience), anti-mouse IL-9 (BE0181; BioXCell, USA), anti-mouse IgG2a isotype control (BE0085; BioXCell), anti-mouse IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) (SC699; Santa Cruz, USA), anti-mouse IL-2Rγ (SC668; Santa Cruz), anti-mouse IgG isotype control (GTX35009; Santa Cruz), and donkey pAb to Rb IgG Alexa Flour 555 (Ab150074; Abcam, USA).

Techniques: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Neutralization

Journal: Chinese Medical Journal

Article Title: Neutralization of Interleukin-9 Decreasing Mast Cells Infiltration in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.204110

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro , the effect of anti-IL-9 antibody on splenic mast cells. Splenocytes were harvested from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice 5 days after MOG immunization. After co-culture with anti-IL-9 antibody or anti-mouse IgG for 7 h, mast cell number was counted by flow cytometry. Splenic mast cells cultured with anti-IL-9 antibody showed significantly lower levels in a dose-dependent manner. This trend was particularly evident with anti-IL-9 antibody concentrations up to 20 μg/ml. * P < 0.05; † P < 0.01. IL: Interleukin; MOG: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in this study: FITC-anti-mouse CD45 (eBioscience, USA), PE-Cyanine5-anti-mouse CD117 (eBioscience), anti-mouse IL-9 (BE0181; BioXCell, USA), anti-mouse IgG2a isotype control (BE0085; BioXCell), anti-mouse IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) (SC699; Santa Cruz, USA), anti-mouse IL-2Rγ (SC668; Santa Cruz), anti-mouse IgG isotype control (GTX35009; Santa Cruz), and donkey pAb to Rb IgG Alexa Flour 555 (Ab150074; Abcam, USA).

Techniques: In Vitro, Co-Culture Assay, Flow Cytometry, Cell Culture

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Circulating ACE2-expressing extracellular vesicles block broad strains of SARS-CoV-2

doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27893-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: a ACE2+ EVs detected in human plasma samples of sero-negative controls (light blue), acute phase (dark green), and convalescent COVID-19 patients (green). One-tail t test (* p = 0.038, ** p = 0.0061 and ** p = 0.0016). Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. b Representative microflow vesiclometry (MFV) plots with gated ACE2+ EVs from sero-negative, acute phase and convalescent COVID-19 patients. c MFV detection of circulating ACE2 + EVs with CD63 + EVs in human plasma of convalescent COVID-19 patient samples (CSB-029 and CSB-023) (green line). Blue line is isotype IgG-negative control. d Flow profiles of ACE2 expression in HEK and HeLa parental control cells (Con, light blue line, ACE2 − ) and with ACE2 overexpression (ACE2, green line). e NanoSight NTA analysis of the sizes of HEK-derived ACE2 − (ev1Con) and ACE2 + (ev1ACE2) and HeLa-derived ACE2 − (ev2Con) and ACE2 + (ev2ACE2). f Immunoblots of HEK and HeLa (ACE2 − and ACE2 + ) EVs and cell lysates for ACE2, TSG101, CD63, CD81, GRP94 and loading control of the membrane proteins upon Ponceau staining. RIPA buffer and Bradford protein assay were used for cells/EVs lysis and protein measurement, respectively ( N = 1 experiment). g Cryo-EM images of HEK-derived EVs, ACE2 − (evCon, left) and ACE2 + (evACE2, right), stained with ACE2 (top) and CD81 (bottom). Scale bars = 100 nm. h Quantified counts of Apogee MFV-based total extracellular vesicles (EVs) and ACE2 + EVs ( N = 2 experiments with n = 6 technical replicates for total EV particles and n = 3 technical replicates for ACE2 + counts). Control EVs are in light blue and ACE2 + EVs in green. Data are presented as mean values +/− SD. i Overlay flow profiles of ACE2 positivity within CD63 + (left column) and CD81+ (right column) EVs isolated from HEK-ACE2 (top row) and HeLa-ACE2 (bottom row) cells, respectively ( n = 3 technical replicates). Light blue line for Control EVs and green line for ACE2 + EVs.

Article Snippet: Cells were blocked with mouse serum IgG (Sigma, 15381) for 10 min at room temperature and then incubated with specific antibodies; AF-647 mouse anti-human ACE2 (Clone # 535919) (R&D systems, FAB9332R), AF-488 mouse anti-human ACE2 (Clone # 171607) (R&D systems, FAB9333G) (0.4 μg/10 6 cells), AF-647 isotype control mouse IgG2b (Clone # 20102) (R&D systems, IC003R) or AF-488 isotype control mouse IgG2bAF488 (Clone # 20102) (R&D systems, IC003G) for 45 min on ice, followed by washing twice with 2% EV-free FBS/PBS.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Negative Control, Expressing, Control, Over Expression, Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Membrane, Staining, Bradford Protein Assay, Lysis, Cryo-EM Sample Prep, Isolation

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Macrophages regulate meiotic initiation and germ cell clearance in the developing ovary

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.28.708733

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Representative whole-mount images of E13.5 ovaries from C57BL/6J embryos exposed at E6.5 to either control rat IgG2a antibody or anti-CSF1R blocking antibody to deplete YS-derived macrophages. For F4/80, PECAM1, and FOXL2 staining, n =5 control and n =6 anti-CSF1R-treated independent gonads; for CD11b and CD45 staining, n =3 control and n =3 anti-CSF1R-treated independent gonads. Insets show higher-magnification views of boxed regions; dashed lines mark the gonad-mesonephros boundary. (b) qRT-PCR analysis of macrophage-associated genes ( Adgre1, Cx3cr1, Csf1r, Mrc1 ) and endothelial marker Cdh5 , showing fold change in gene expression in E13.5 anti-CSF1R-treated ovaries versus controls. (c) Representative E14.5 sections stained for SYCP3 and TRA98 showing increased meiotic germ cells in anti-CSF1R-treated ovaries ( n =4) compared with control ovaries ( n =4). (d) qRT-PCR analysis of germ cell and meiotic genes ( Kit, Pou5f1, Ddx4, Stra8, Sycp1, Sycp3, Syce1, Smc1b ), showing fold change in gene expression in E14.5 anti-CSF1R-treated ovaries versus controls. (e) Representative E18.5 sections stained for F4/80 and CD45, and for SYCP3 and FOXL2, showing recovery of F4/80⁺ macrophages and advanced meiotic progression in anti-CSF1R-treated ovaries compared with control ovaries. For F4/80 and CD45 staining, n =4 control and n =4 anti-CSF1R-treated independent gonads; for SYCP3 and FOXL2 staining, n =3 control and n =3 anti-CSF1R-treated independent gonads. Arrows indicate SYCP3⁺ dictyate-stage oocytes. (f) Percentage of SYCP3⁺ germ cells at the dictyate stage among total SYCP3⁺ cells at E18.5. Data are shown as mean +/− SD. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t -tests). Scale bars, 100 μm (overview) and 50 μm (higher magnification/insets).

Article Snippet: To transiently deplete yolk-sac-derived and fetal CSF1R + macrophages, pregnant C57BL/6J females were injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg anti-CSF1R monoclonal antibody (mAb; clone AFS98, Bio X Cell #BP0213) or rat IgG2a isotype control (Bio X Cell #BP0089).

Techniques: Control, Blocking Assay, Derivative Assay, Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR, Marker, Gene Expression, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Macrophages regulate meiotic initiation and germ cell clearance in the developing ovary

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.28.708733

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Representative images of E18.5, P3, and P10 ovaries from C57BL/6J embryos exposed at E6.5 and E14.5 to either control rat IgG2a antibody or anti-CSF1R blocking antibody to deplete fetal ovarian macrophages. For E18.5, n =4 control and n =4 anti-CSF1R-treated independent gonads; for P3, n =6 control and n =6 anti-CSF1R-treated independent gonads; for P10, n =4 control and n =4 anti-CSF1R-treated independent gonads. Insets show higher-magnification views of boxed regions; red and green dashed outlines demarcate the ovary. (b) Representative sections stained for DDX4, showing developmental germ cell attrition at E18.5, P3, and P10 in control and anti-CSF1R-treated ovaries. For each time point, n =4 control and n =4 anti-CSF1R-treated independent gonads. (c) Quantification of CD45⁺IBA1 + macrophages per 0.1 mm² ovarian area at E18.5, P3, and P10. (d) Quantification of CD45⁺IBA1 − monocyte-like cells per 0.1 mm² ovarian area at the indicated stages. (e) Quantification of DDX4⁺ germ cell number per 0.1 mm² ovarian area at E18.5, P3, and P10, showing reduced physiological germ cell loss after macrophage depletion. Data are shown as mean +/− SD. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, *** P <0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t -tests). Scale bars, 100 μm (overview) and 50 μm (higher magnification/insets).

Article Snippet: To transiently deplete yolk-sac-derived and fetal CSF1R + macrophages, pregnant C57BL/6J females were injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg anti-CSF1R monoclonal antibody (mAb; clone AFS98, Bio X Cell #BP0213) or rat IgG2a isotype control (Bio X Cell #BP0089).

Techniques: Control, Blocking Assay, Staining, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cell reports

Article Title: Confinement controls the directional cell responses to fluid forces

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114692

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Mouse IgG 2A Isotype Control , R&D Systems , Catalog #: MAB003; RRID: AB_357345.

Techniques: Produced, Control, Blocking Assay, Recombinant, Calcium Assay, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Software

Journal: Muscle & nerve

Article Title: Myeloid dendritic cells in inclusion-body myositis and polymyositis.

doi: 10.1002/mus.20649

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2. BDCA-1 and control isotype IgG2a staining. Differential staining intensity of (A) BDCA-1 and (B) matched isotype IgG2a control antibodies. Equivalent antibody concentrations of 2 g/mL with overnight incubations were used in both A and B, adjacent 10-m sections.

Article Snippet: Controls with mouse monoclonal IgG2a (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, California, clone C1.18.4; Dako, clone DAK-G05, and R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, clone 20102.1) isotype matched for the BDCA-1 antibody, IgG1 isotype matched for the BDCA-2 antibody, and Tris-stained sections were done for comparison of nonspecific antibody binding and nonspecific immunoperoxidase reactivity.

Techniques: Control, Staining